Ignition apparatus



Sept. 2, 1947.

c. MESSERSCHMIDT} IGNITION APPARATUS Filed June 2, 1945 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Affarveg/S Sept. 2, 1947. c. MESSERSCHMIDT- IGNITION ABPARATUS 3 Sheets'$heet 2 Filed June 2, 1945 /m eofor 070/198 /7esserra/2m/af Sept. 2, 1947.

C. MESSERSCHMIDT IGNITION APPARATUS Filed June 2, 1945' 5. Sheets-Sheet 3 Affamey Patented Sept. 2, 1947 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,426,784 IGNITION APPARATUS Charles Messerschmidt, Westbrook, Conn. Application June 2, 1945, Serial No. 597,276 I 4 Claims. 1

This invention relates to improvements in ignition apparatus andmore particularly to ignition apparatus for internal combustion engines.

One object of this invention is to provide an improved ignition apparatus of the general type set forth in my Patent No. 2,377,353 of June 5, 1945.

Another object of this invention is to provide an improved ignition apparatus provided with improved means which visibly indicates each time a spark passes to a spark plug of the engine.

Another object of this invention is to provide an improved ignition apparatus of improved simplicity and reliability of operation.

With the above and other objects in View, as will appear to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure, this invention includes all features in the said disclosure which are novel over the prior art.

In the description and claims, the various parts and steps are identified by specific terms for convenience, but they are intended to be as generic in their application as the prior art will permit.

In the accompanying drawings forming part of the present disclosure in which certain ways of carrying out the invention are shown for illustrative purposes:

Fig. 1 is a front View, mostly in elevation, illustrating one embodiment of ignition apparatus made in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view along line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a top plan view of Fig. 2, with the cover removed;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view on line 4-4 of Fig.2;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view on line 5-5 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 6 is a fragmental topplan view of the conductor-ring;

Fig. '7 is a sectional view on line l--7 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 8 is a top plan view of the rotatable distributor-means or member;

Fig. 9 is a sectional view on line -9 of Fig. 8, with certain parts in elevation;

Fig. 10 is an enlarged sectional View on line Iii-l9 of Fig. 9;

Fig. 11 is a top plan view of the flexible springdisk circuit-breaker actuating-means;

Fig. 12 is a front elevation of Fig. 11;

Fig. 13 is a top plan view of the flexible springmember carrying the movable contacts of the circuit breaker;

Fig. 14 is a perspective view of the cup member which carries'the fixed contacts and which also receives the condenser within its cup-portion;

Fig. 15 is a perspective view of the inductioncoil unit; and

Fig. 16 is a modified construction adapted to perform the functions of both of the parts illustrated in Figs. 11 and 13.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 15 of the drawings inclusive, showing the particular form of the invention chosen'for illustration therein, the ignition device or apparatus includes a hollow support 26 in which is mounted an induction-coil or induction-coil unit 21 and a condenser 22. A circult-breaker 23 and a distributor 2d are also carried by the hollowsupport 20. As will presently appear, the particular ignition device illustrated in the drawings is adapted for a six-cylinder engine.

The hollowsupport 2t 'is' preferably made of molded plastic insulating material such, for example, as Bakelite, with a number of inserts molded therein as will presently be described. A tube 25, which may be of self-lubricating bronze, may be provided with a knurled outer surfacepo'rtion at its lower end-portion to make firm engagement with the plastic material molded therearound A stud 26 is welded or otherwise secured at 21 to the tube 25, the inner portion of the stud 26 being embedded in the molded plastic material, and the outer end 28 being screwthreaded to receive a nut 29. Another stud 39 has an angular inner end 31 welded or otherwise secured at3'2 to an annular U-shape trough-like terminal 33, the inner portion of the stud 36 and the U-shape terminal 33 being embedded in the molded plastic material, and the outer end 34 of the stud 30 beingscrew-threaded to receive a nut 35. Also formed as a molded-in part of the molded hollow support 20, is a conductor-ring 36 which has an outer annular ring-member 3'! and an inner annular ring-member 33, with the two ring-members 3'! and 38 connected by a bottom web 39 provided with holes 49 therethrough to provide passageways for the plastic material to extend through to interconnect the molded plastic portions of the Wall 4| of the hollow support 20, which are located above and below the web 39. The hollow support 2% is also provided with six molded passageways 42, each of which at the lower end is large enough to receive one of the six high-tension cables 43, and at its upper endportion is of a size or diameter to permit free sliding entrance of one of the six screws M, which are screwed among the wires or the ends of the cables 43'to secure the cables firmly in place, and which serve as terminals to receive high-tension current at their heads and pass it into the wires of the cables 43.

The induction-coil 2| has a central insulationtube 45, the hole 45 of which is large enough to permit the insulation-tube 45 to freely slide on and off of the pipe or tube 25. Surrounding the insulation-tube 4-5 is arranged a magnetic core 41 formed of soft iron wires 48, the soft iron core 47 being surrounded by a tubular insulation-covering 49. Around the insulation-covering 49 is wound a primary wir coil 50, around which is a tubular insulation-covering and around the latter is the secondary wire coil 52 which, in turn, is surrounded by a tubular insulation-covering 53. The induction-coil 2| has a metal terminalplate 54 on its lower end surface which has one end of the wire 55 of the primary coil 50 soldered or otherwise connected to it. The other end of the wir 55 of the primary coil 50 is soldered or otherwise connected to a metal terminal-ring 56 which does not form a complete circle but has a gap such as 57 (Fig. 15). One end of the wire 58 of the secondary-coil 52 is connected to the ring-terminal 5S, and the other end of the secondary wire 58 is connected to the resilient sheetmetal terminal 59 which is suitably secured at the side of the induction-coil 2 I.

The condenser 22 is of hollow ring-like form and may be made of usual construction with one set of tinfoil strips or strip-edges 60 projecting downwardly, and another set of alternate tinfoil strips or strip-edges GI projecting upwardly, with layers of insulation separating the strips or layers of tinfoil.

Th distributor or distributor-means 24 includes the main supportingor carrying-member 63 made of spring sheet metal. The carryingmember 63 has a depressed spring-tongue 64 provided with a hole 65 having a flat edge 66 for a purpose to be later described. Each of the opposite spring side-portions 61 of the member 63 is provided with a pressed-up locking-lug 68. The member 63 is also provided with a pressed-out stiffening-rib 59. One end of the member 63 is formed up into a cylinder or stud-shaft portion on which is mounted a roller H which is freely rotatable on the stud-shaft 10 and has a projecting hub-portion 12. A satisfactory embodiment of the member 63 has been made of tempered sheet tool steel of about .022 thickness. The roller H may conveniently be made of hard fiber or plastic. A cylindrical sleeve-member 13 preferably of meta1 to provide ample weight, has a press-fit or the like with the hub '12 of the roller ill. with one end against the metal sleeve 73 and the other end against a washer held in place by a cotter pin 16. The other end of the member 63 is provided with a downwardly-extending annular flange H which has a press-fit around the outside of an annular sleeve 18 which may be of heavy metal such as brass or steel to aid in counterbalancin the weight of the metal sleevemember 13 when the member I3 is in its normal operation of rotation. The sleev 18 has a pressiit or is otherwise tightly secured on a transparent or translucent plastic tube-member 19 as, for example, by being in molded-on relation therewith. The upper end of the sleeve 18 is screwthreaded at 80 to screw-threadedly receive a closure-nut 8| which may, if desired, be made of heavy metal to give additional counterbalancing effect. A conductor 82 ma be mad of springwire such, for example, as piano wire, and have its two ends connected to a metal cup-member A coil-spring 14 is held under compression 83 by riveting, welding, brazing or otherwise, and the cup-member 83 and the ends of the wire-conductor 82 are molded in place as part of the molded transparent plastic tube-member 19. A metallic wire spring 84 rests upon the metal cup 83 and has its upper portion in contact with the lower metal end or terminal 85 of a neon tube 86 of well-known and usual form, which tub has a transparent tubular glass-portion 81, and which tube also has an upper metal end or terminal 88 in engagement with which is the lower end of a metal wire spring 89. Both springs 84 and 89 are held under compression by engagement of the upper spring 89 against the under side of the metal closure-nut SI. Thus it will be seen that there is a continuous electric circuit for high tension electric current from the wire-conductor 82 of the distributor 24 through the parts 83, 84, 83, 89, BI, 13, TI and 63 to ground.

An adapter-unit 90 includes the main outer tubular member 9| in which is press-fitted or otherwise secured two bearing-bushings 92 and 93 which may be self-lubricating bronze or other suitable bearing material. The lower portion 94 of the tubular member 9i may be of any suitable size. and shape to be readily gripped in any suitable way in a given particular make or model of automobile, with a shaft-member 95 suitably connected in driving engagement with the engine of the automobile. Th shaft 95 is rotatably mounted in the bearing-bushings 92 and 93 and has an annular flange 98 at its upper end provided with two upstanding driving-lugs 91 and 93 which respectively are in driving engagement in the slots 90 and I50 of the annular flange IOI at the lower end of the shaft I02 which extends up through the tube 25. The upper flange-portion I03 of the tubular member 9I is of enlarged diameter to suitably fit up over the lower annular portion I 04 of the support 2!, and extends up to near, or in engagement with, the under surface I05 of the part I04 of the support 20. The annular enlarged flange-portion I03 has an upwardly-opening slot I05, within which is received the stud 30 and the smaller-diametered portion of the insulationbushing I01, and at the opposite side the flangeportion I93 has a second upwardly-opening slot I08 which receives the stud 25. The nut 35 in screw-threaded engagement upon the stud 30 serves to clamp the metal terminal I09 of the battery lead-in wire H0 against the insulationbushing I01 to cause the latter, in turn, to clamp against the annular flange I33 of the tubular member SI of the adapter-unit 90. The other nut 29 screw-threaded upon the stud 26, serves to clamp the opposite side of the annular flange I03 of the adapter in position. Thus, it will be seen that by applying different adapters or adapterunits respectively suited to different makes and models of cars, a single type of ignition device can be employed on a wide variety of makes and models of cars.

In assembling together, the parts of the ignition device, a metal coil-spring contact III, which normally is much more extended or open than illustrated in Fig. 2, when it is free of compression, is placed down within the hollow support 20 and in engagement with the annular U-shape metal terminal 33. Thereupon the induction-coil unit 2i is slid down over the tube 25 until the lower metal terminal-plate 54 thereof, rests upon and compresses the spring III as illustrated in Fig. 2, and when the induction-coil unit moves downward to its position illustrated in Fig. 2, the spring sheet metal sideterminal 53 of the secondary coil engages against the inner annular ring-portion 33. It will be observed that the terminals 54 and 53 of the induction-coil unit will properly engage respectively with the spring III and the annular ringportion 38, regardless of the rotative position in which the induction-coil unit 2I is inserted.

A soft annular gasket H2 is placed upon the annular top edge H3 of the annular wall M of the support 25, and a metal cup-member H4 having a depending annular skirt H5 provided with a pressed-in keying-portion H6 is placed in proper rotative position to cause its keyingportion H5 to slide down the shallow key-notch I H (Fig. l) in the outer face of the wall 4 I, which extends down through the top edge H3 of the wall 4| to the position shown in Fig. 1, with the cup-member H4 resting on the gasket H2. The condenser 22 is inserted within the cup-member H4. Another soft annular gasket H3 is placed on the annular surface H9 of the cup-member t 54, and another soft annular gasket I23 is placed on the upper end of the magnetic core 41. An annular washer or plate I2I is slid down over the upper end of the tube 25 to rest on the two gaskets H3 and E23. A nut I22 is screwed down on the screw-threaded upper end I23 of the tube 25, to clamp the plate I2! against the gaskets H8 and I28 and, in turn, to cause the cup-member M4 to be clamped against the gasket H2. fhis clamping action also causes the downwardly-projecting tinfoil-edges 63 to be in engagement with the prongs I24 of the cup-member H4, and the upwardly-projecting tinfoil-edges 5% to be in en agement with the metal plate or washer i2! which is grounded through the nut E22, tube 25, stud 25, nut 29, adapter-member 9i and the metal part of the automobile (not shown) in which the member 3| is clamped. The clamping action or" the nut I22 also causes at least all except one of the prongs I24 of the cup-member M4 to be pressed in firm metal-to-metal contact with the terminal-ring 56. If one prong I24 happened to come over the gap 51 (Fig. 15) in the terminal-rin ring, but this does not matter as it is necessary for only a single prong I24 to contact the terminal-ring 33 to complete the electric circuit. She cup-member H4 has secured thereto by riveting or otherwise, six fixed contacts I25.

A flexible plate-like spring-member I23 formed of spring sheet metal having six spring-arms each having a movable contact I28 riveted or otherwise secured thereto, is slid down over the tube 23 and onto the top of the nut I22 with the flat edge i245 (Fig. 13) of its hole I33 in keying engagement with the ilat surface I3I (Fig. 4) of the tube 25, thus locating each of the six movable contacts E23 above and spaced from a corresponding one of the fixed contacts I25, to thus form six pairs of contacts, of which the upper contact of each pair is movable.

A flexible contact-actuating-and-sparkadvance plate-like spring-member I32 formed of spring sheet metal over the tube 25 and down on top of the spring sheet-metal member l23, with the flat edge I33 (Fig. 11) of the hole I34 in keying engagement with the fiat surface i3! of the tube 25. A still metal washer I35 is slid down the tube 25 onto the top of the springmember 432, and a nut I33 is screwed down upon the threaded end I23 of the tube 25 to clamp the parts I35, 432 and I23 against the nut I22. A satisfactory embodiment of each of the members I26 and I32 has been made of tempered sheet 53, it would not contact the 6 tool steel of about .010" thickness. Each of the six actuation-surfaces I31 of the member I32 forms a contact-actuating-and-spark-advance means. A guide-portion I38 is arranged at an angle to each surface I31 to serve to guide the roller 1! up onto the surface I31 as the roller 1I rotates clockwise, as seen in Fig. 3. The rear edge or release edge I33 of each surface I31 is at a substantial angle to the radial plane I40 which passes through the longitudinal axis I4I (Fig. ll) of the shaft I32 and intersects said rear edge at the point I42 at the radially outermost edge of the surface I31.

The spring-tongue 64 of the carrying-member 63 of the distributor-mean 24 is placed down over the threaded end I44 of the shaft I02 with its fiat edge 66 in keying engagement with the flat side I45 (Fig. 3) of the threaded end I44, and a nut I46 is screwed onto the threaded end I44 to clamp the tongue 64 against the annular shoulder I41 of the shaft I02. An adjustingnut I48 which has a plurality of spaced-apart locking-notches I49 on its under edge, any two diametrically-opposite notches of which are adapted to have locking engagement with the locking-lugs (5 8, is screwed onto the threaded-end I44 0f the shaft I62 until the stud-shaft portion 10 carrying the roller H is sprung down sufficiently to cause the annular edge-face I50 of the rotating roller H to successively make proper engagement with the actuation-surfaces I31 of the member I32 to properly bend down the springarms I5! of the spring-member I32, on which the actuation-surfaces I31 are located, to cause the spring-arms I5I to bend the spring-arms I21 of the spring-member I26 carrying the movable contacts I23, to cause each movable contact 523 to engage and have a rubbing action upon its complemental fixed contact I25 to thereby constantly perfect the contact surfaces of I the pairs of contacts and maintain'them in proper operating condition. As the roller 1| passes off the rear edge or release edge I39 of each actuationsurface [31, the spring-arm I5I and I21 spring back to their original unstressed position, thus resulting in the movable contacts breaking the circuit in the primary circuit and causing a high tension current to be induced in the secondary circuit. The stiff washer I35 stop or clamps any whipping action which might otherwise occur in the spring-arms I21.

Each time the roller II passes off the rear or release edge I39 of an actuation-surface I31, the roller 1! and the wire-conductor 32 will be in positions similar to those illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, and therefore the high tension current induced at this time will leap from the outer conductor-ring 31 to the wire-conductor 82, and will then leap to the terminal-screw 44 adjacent the conductor 82, and will then travel along the high-tension cable 43 connected to such screw 44, to the corresponding spark plug of the engine.

At the same time that the spark thus passes through the wire-terminal 82 to one of t e screws 44, a surge of current passes up through the neon tube 36 (Fig. 10) to thus cause it to light up and to be visible through the transparent plastic tube 13. And by running the engine at its slowest speed, it will be optically observable as to whether or not the spark is passing to every one of the high-tension cables 43 of the spark plugs. And if any one or more of the high-tension cables 43 are not receiving any sparking current, it will be optically visible as to which one or ones are not receiving it.

.sleeve I3 are moved outward against the action of the coil-spring I4 to thereby cause the roller "II to press upon successively further outward areas of the actuation-surfaces I37, and owing to the position of the rear or release edge I39 013 each of these surfaces I31, the time of occur- :rence of the spark is advanced. 1 the spark occurs at a time when the 1 terminal 82 is in a position somewhat to the right =of that shown in Fig. 1. :spark is also partly accomplished in consequence f the longitudinal axis E52 of the path of sliding :movement of the roller TI not passing through ':the longitudinal axis I ll of the shaft I02, but

In other Words,

wire- The advancing of the j passing along a position substantially below the :axis I4I, as will be evident from viewing Fig. S. It will be evident from a consideration of Figs, 8 rand 11, which are in the same relative position :that they occupy in Fig. 3 when the roller H is :about to leave off contact with the rear or release edge I39 of the lower left surface IE! to thereby produce a spark, that the axis 552 of the :roller "II passes substantially below the longitudi- ;nal axis I 4| of the main shaft Hi2, whereas, the prolongation of the rear or release edge i39 of ithe lower left surface I31 passe substantially above the longitudinal axis I-ti of the main shaft (I02, and therefore the lines I39 and I52 may be said to be on opposite sides of the longitudinal axis MI of the main shaft I62 at the time of occurrence of the spark.

Instead of making the plate-like spring- Inembers I 26 and I32 as two separate members :a illustrated in Figs, 11, 12 and 13, a single member I53 as illustrated in Fig. 16 may be made :of a single plate of spring sheet metal carrying the movable contacts I28 and havin actuationc surfaces I3'Ia corresponding to the actuationsurfaces I31 shown in Fig. 11.

A cup-shape cover-member 155, preferably of transparent or translucent plastic, can be removably held in position by any suitable means, as,

for example, by the spring-wire bail I55 snapped into the holes I56 in the plastic hollow support 2!}.

The invention may be carried out in other specific ways than those herein set forth without departing from the spirit and essential characteristics of the invention, and the present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, and all changes coming within the meaning and equivalency range of the appended claims are intended to be embraced therein. I claim:

.1. An ignition apparatus including: a support;

a shaft rotatably mounted on said support; ignitlon-current means including a circuit-breaker; said circuit-breaker including a pair of contacts relatively movable in opposite directions into and out of contact with one another; one circuitbreaker actuating-means adapted to relatively move said contacts into contact with one another, and other circuit-breaker actuating-means adapted to relatively move them out of contact with one another; contact-actuating-and-sparl advance means having an actuation-surface -whose rear edge is transverse of the axis of said shaft but at a substantial angle to the radial plane passing through said axis and intersecting said rear edge at the outermost edge of said surface; one of said circuit-breaker actuating-means I ing rotated by said shaft and having centrifugal contact actuating and spark advance means actuatable by centrifugal force to yieldably move outward transversely of the axis of said shaft as the speed of rotation of said shaft increases, said centrifugal means as it successively moves further outward at successively higher speeds of rotation, successively engaging further-outward portions of said actuation-surface and leaving said rear edge and thereby relatively actuating one of said contacts at successively earlier times to thereby advance the time of occurrence of the spark.

2. An ignition apparatus including: a support; a shaft rotatably mounted on said support; ignition-current means including a circuit-breaker; said circuit-breaker including a pair of contacts relatively movable in opposite directions into and out of contact with one another; one circuitbreaker actuating-means adapted to relatively move said contacts into contact with one another, and other circuit-breaker actuating-means adapted to relatively move them out of contact with one another; contact-actuating-and-sparkadvance means having an actuation-surface whose rear edge is transverseof the axis of said but at a substantial angle to the radial passing through said axis and intersecting said rear edge at the outermost edge of said surface,- one of said circuit-breaker actuating-means being rotated by said shaft and having centrifugal contact actuating and spark advance means actuatable by centrifugal force to yieldably move outward of said shaft along a line of movement transverse of the axis of said shaft but at substantial angle to said radial plane, and on the opposite side thereof from said rear edge when said centrifugal-contact-actuating-andspark-advance means is leaving said rear edge, as the speed of rotation of said shaft increases, centrifugal means as it successively moves further outward at successively higher speeds of rotation, successively engaging further-outward portions of said actuation-surface and leaving rear edge and thereby relatively actuating one of said contacts at successively earlier times to thereby advance the time of occurrence of the spark.

3. An ignition apparatus including: a support; a shaft rotatably mounted on said support; a plurality of spaced-apart conductor-terminals; ignition-current means including a circuit-breaker, and a distributor for delivering ignition-current to said conductor-terminals; said circuitbreaker including a plurality of pairs of contacts which include a pair for each said conductor-terminal, the contacts of each pair being relatively movable in opposite directions into and out of contact with one another; one circuit-breaker actuating-means adapted to relatively move the contacts of a pair into contact with one another, and. other circuit-breaker actuating-means adapted to relatively move them out of contact with one another; said two circuit-breaker actuating-means being adapted to thus actuate each pair of contacts successively; one of said circuit-breaker actuating-means including a plurality of spring-arms, one springarm for each pair of contacts and adapted to relatively move one contact of each such pair of contacts in one of said directions; contact-actuating-and-spark-advance means having a plurality of actuation-surfaces, one actuation-surface for each said spring-arm; the rear edge of each actuation-surface being transverse of the axis of said shaft but at a substantial angle to the radial plane passing through said aXis and intersecting said rear edge at the outermost edge of such surface; one of said circuit-breaker actuating-means being rotated by said shaft and having centrifugal-contact-actuating-and-sparkadvance means actuatable by centrifugal force to yieldably move outward of said shaft as the speed of rotation of said shaft increases, said centrifugal means as it successively moves further outward at successively higher speeds of rotation, successively engaging further-outward portions of said actuation-surfaces and leaving said rear edges and thereby relatively actuating one of each of said pairs of contacts at successively earlier times tothereby advance the times of occurrence of the sparks.

4. An ignition apparatus including: a support; a shaft rotatably mounted on said support; a plurality of spaced-apart conductor-terminals; ignition-current means including a circuit-breaker, and a distributor for delivering ignition-current to said conductor-terminals; said circuit-breaker including a plurality of pairs of contacts which include a pair for each said conductor-terminal, the contacts of each pair being relatively movable in opposite directions into and out of contact with one another; one circuit-breaker actuating-means adapted to relatively move the contacts of a pair into contact with one another, and other circuit-breaker actuating-means adapted to relatively move them out of contact with one another; said two circuit-breaker actuating-means being adapted to thus actuate each pair of contacts successively; one of said circuit-breaker actuating-means including a plate-like spring-member having a plurality of spring-arms, one spring-arm for each pair of contacts and adapted to relatively move one contact of each such pair of contacts in one of said directions; contact-actuating-and-spark-advance means including a plate-like spring-member having a plurality of actuation-arms, each actuation-arm having an actuation-surface, one actuation-surface for each said spring-arm; the rear edge of each actuation-surface being transverse of the axis of said shaft but at a substantial angle to the radial plane passing through said axis and intersecting said rear edge at the outermost edge of such surface; one of said circuit-breaker actuating-means being rotated by said shaft and having centrifugal-contactactuating-and-spark-advance means actuatable by centrifugal force to yieldably move outward of said shaft as the speed of rotation of said shaft increases, said centrifugal means as it successively moves further outward at successively higher speeds of rotation, successively en,- gaging further-outward portions of said actuation-surfaces and leaving said rear edges and thereby relatively actuating one of each of said pairs of contacts at successively earlier times to thereby advance the times of occurrence of the sparks.

CHARLES MESSERSCHMIDT.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,976,178 Mallory Oct. 9, 1934 1,934,199 Martin Nov. 7, 1933 1,917,046 Martin July 4, 1933 2,346,094 Vogel Apr. 4, 1944 1,793,278 Dorgan Feb. 17, 1931 1,278,183 MacNish Sept. 10, 1918 2,096,294 Bryant Oct. 19, 1937 1,445,262 Anderson Feb. 13, 1923 

